Analysis of Educational Problems in Indonesia from the perspective of literary studies

Abstract

Education is the primary foundation for human resource development in Indonesia. However, to date, various problems remain obstacles to achieving equitable and globally competitive quality education. This study aims to analyze four key issues in the Indonesian education system: low literacy rates, unequal distribution of educational facilities, environmental influences on learning motivation, and the impact of the development of artificial intelligence (AI) on students' mindsets. The objective of this study is to identify the main factors influencing the quality of education in Indonesia. The research method used is a literature review with a qualitative descriptive approach, through analysis of various academic sources and educational institution reports. The study results indicate that low literacy is caused by low interest in reading and a lack of access to quality reading materials. Inequality in educational facilities arises from economic and geographical differences between regions. Meanwhile, the social environment has been shown to play a significant role in shaping students' learning motivation. Furthermore, the advent of AI-based technology has a dual impact: on the one hand, it increases learning efficiency, but on the other hand, it has the potential to reduce critical thinking skills if not balanced with supervision and guidance. By comprehensively understanding these four aspects, it is hoped that the government and educational institutions can formulate more adaptive and sustainable policies to improve the quality of national education.